Polypeptide based block copolymer and the process for the preparation thereof, and the polymer micelles using the same

ABSTRACT

The present disclosure relates to a polypeptide based block copolymer having biodegradability due to peptidase, and a process for the preparation thereof, and polymer micelles using the same. The block copolymer according to the present disclosure is a block copolymer of a polyethylene glycol-based compound having properties such that the solubility for water is different depending on the pH, but cannot form micelles due to a self-assembly phenomenon; and a polyglutamic acid-based compound formed using an aminolysis reaction of glutamic acid and tertiary amine in which the end of one alkyl group is substituted with NH 2 , or using an aminolysis reaction of glutamic acid and triamine. The block copolymer of the present disclosure has advantages in that the block polymer has both pH sensitivity and biodegradability due to peptidase in the body, and thereby a degradation rate related to a drug release cycle is controlled. Therefore, the block copolymer according to the present disclosure is effective in that the block copolymer can be used as a target-oriented drug delivery agent depending on the pH changes in the body, and as a drug delivery agent that can control the rate of degradation.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to a polypeptide based block copolymer having biodegradability due to peptidase, and a process for the preparation thereof, and polymer micelles using the same.

BACKGROUND ART

Micelles generally refer to a thermostable and uniform spherical structure formed by low-molecular weight materials having amphiphilicity, that is, having a hydrophilic group and a hydrophobic group at the same time. When an insoluble drug is dissolved in and introduced to a compound having the micelle structure, the drug is present inside the micelles, and these micelles can have high applicability as a carrier for drug delivery since these micelles can perform target-oriented drug release in the body responding to changes in temperature and pH.

Korean Patent Application No. 10-2001-0035265 discloses a preparation of micelles using a polyethylene glycol and a biodegradable polymer. These materials have advantages in that they all have bioaffinity due to their biodegradability, however, they have disadvantages in that drug delivery in a target area is difficult since these materials are not sensitive to changes in the body, for example, specific changes such as pH changes.

In addition, Korean Patent Application No. 10-2010-0112491 discloses a preparation of micelles using a block copolymer of a poly(β-aminoester) compound and a polyethylene glycol-based compound. These materials have advantages in that they are sensitive to specific changes such as pH changes, however, they have disadvantages in that the control of degradation rate is impossible since degradation occurs due to hydrolysis after dimicellization.

Meanwhile, the pH environment in a body generally indicates pH 7.4 to 7.2, however, it has been known that peripheral pH of abnormal cells such as cancer cells indicates pH 3.0 to 7.0, which is slightly acidic to strongly acidic. Recently, studies have been carried out in which a drug is released at pH 7.0 or lower in order to specifically deliver the drug to cancer cells.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,955,509 having the tile of “pH dependent polymer micelles” discloses a method for preparing pH-sensitive polymer micelles in which a block copolymer of poly(vinyl N-heterocycle) and poly(alkylene oxide) forms micelles at pH 6.0 or higher, and the block copolymer is collapsed between pH 2 and 6, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. 2002-179556 having the tile of “block copolymer-anti-cancer drug complex medicine” discloses a block copolymer of a hydrophilic polyethylene glycol-based compound and a hydrophobic polyamino acid-based compound forming micelles at a specific pH.

In view of the above, the inventors identified that, when a pH-sensitive block copolymer formed from a polyethylene glycol-based compound and a polyglutamic acid-based compound including a tertiary amine group is used, micelles are collapsed and thereby drugs can be released when pH is 7.0 or less, and micelles are formed and collapsed by the pH difference of 0.2, therefore, the pH-sensitive block copolymer has both pH sensitivity and biodegradability due to peptidase, and thereby control of the degradation rate relating to drug release cycle is possible and the biotoxicity of the residues after degradation can be reduced, thereby completing the present disclosure.

DISCLOSURE Technical Problem

An object of the present disclosure is to provide a polypeptide based block copolymer having biodegradability due to peptidase, and a process for the preparation thereof, and a polymer micelle-type diagnostic and therapeutic composition including the block copolymer.

Technical Solution

In order to achieve the above object, the present disclosure provides a peptide based block copolymer represented by the following Chemical Formula 1.

In the formula,

X is an integer of 10 to 200,

Y is an integer of 50 to 100,

R₁ is hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl,

R₂s are each independently

and herein, 80% or more of y number of R₂s are i) the substituent A, or the substituent C, the R₃ and R₄ are C₁₋₆ alkyl, the i is an integer of 1 to n, the m_(i)s are each independently an integer of 1 to 6, and the n is an integer of 1 to 6.

In addition, the present disclosure provides a polymer micelle-type drug composition that includes (a) the block copolymer; and (b) a molecular imaging marker for disease diagnosis, a contrast medium, or a therapeutic material including a bioactive substance for disease treatment, which can be included inside the block copolymer.

In addition, the present disclosure provides a method for preparing a block copolymer, which includes the steps of preparing a compound of the following Chemical Formula 2 by reacting glutamic acid, benzyl ester and triphosgene (Step 1); preparing a compound of the following Chemical Formula 4 by copolymerizing the compound of the following Chemical Formula 2 with a compound of the following Chemical Formula 3 (Step 2); and reacting the compound of the following Chemical Formula 4 with a compound of the following Chemical Formula 5 or a compound of the following Chemical Formula 6 (Step 3).

In the formulae, x, y, R₁, R₃, R₄, n, n₁ and n₂ are the same as those defined above.

Hereinafter, the present disclosure will be described in detail.

The polyglutamic acid-based compound block of the block copolymer of the present disclosure includes a tertiary amine group (—N═) that is ionized at pH 7.0 or lower, and includes a to glutamic acid group that is dimicellized and degraded due to peptidase when the pH ranges from 6.5 to 7.0. In addition, the polyglutamic acid-based compound block of the block copolymer of the present disclosure includes

that is ionized at pH 7.0 or lower, and includes a glutamic acid group that is dimicellized and degraded due to peptidase when the pH ranges from 6.5 to 7.0.

R₂s of the Chemical Formula 1 of the present disclosure are each independently

and herein, 80% or more of y number of R₂s are the above substituent A.

In addition, in the present disclosure, it is preferable that 88% or more of y number of R₂s of the Chemical Formula 1 be the substituent A. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, it is more preferable that 93% or more of y number of R₂s of the Chemical Formula 1 be the above substituent A. In addition, in the present disclosure, it is even more preferable that 96% or more of y number of R₂s of the Chemical Formula 1 be the above substituent A.

Furthermore, R₂s of the Chemical Formula 1 of the present disclosure are each independently

and herein, 80% or more of y number of R₂s are the substituent C.

The block copolymer of the present disclosure includes a tertiary amine group that is ionized at pH 7.0 or lower, and a glutamic acid group that is degraded due to peptidase, therefore, the block copolymer is sensitive to pH changes in the body, forms a micelle structure at a specific pH range, is dimicellized and degraded due to peptidase when the pH ranges from 6.5 to 7.0 and thereby control of degradation rate is possible.

Traditional poly(β-aminoester) compounds have an ester group in the main chain and the chain is degraded due to hydrolysis, therefore, degradation products having a carboxylic acid group (—COOH) at the end are produced when the compound is degraded in the body. As a result, these degradation products, which have low acidity, can cause fatal damage to the tissues in the body. In contrast, in the present disclosure, a polymer is formed based on a polypeptide and degradation occurs due to polypeptidase in the body, therefore the polymer has bioaffinity since degradation products that have low acidity are not produced.

In addition, when the polymer based on a polypeptide of the present disclosure is formed and the glutamic acid is used as a base, a block copolymer of the Chemical Formula 1 can be prepared by an aminolysis reaction between benzyl glutamic acid and tertiary amine in which the end of one alkyl group is effectively substituted with NH₂, and by controlling the reaction time of the aminolysis reaction, the ratio of

being converted to

can be controlled. Furthermore, when the conversion ratio is 80% or more, pH-dependent properties are distinctively shown.

In addition, when a polyglutamic acid-based compound that includes a traditional tertiary amine group is used alone, pH-dependence is shown, however, micelles due to a self-assembly phenomenon cannot be formed. However, in the present disclosure, micelles due to a self-assembly phenomenon can be formed by forming a block copolymer of a polyglutamic acid-based compound including a tertiary amine group and a hydrophilic polyethylene glycol-based compound. Therefore, the block copolymer prepared according to the present disclosure can be used as a carrier for target-oriented drug release as a diagnostic and therapeutic agent for disease by forming a micelle structure capable of target release at a specific pH.

In addition, traditional drug delivery agents have problems in that the drug accumulates in the body as a residue after the drug is delivered to a target area causing various side effects, and biodegradable polymers designed to avoid this problem also have problems in that the control of degradation rate is difficult since biodegradation occurs due to hydrolysis. Therefore, the copolymer is prepared using protein constituents such as glutamic acid as the monomer of the block copolymer, and there are advantages in that the dimicellized copolymer is biodegraded due to peptidase in the body and can be completely eliminated from the body, and the degradation rate can be controlled.

The average molecular weight (Mn) of the copolymer of the present disclosure is not particularly limited, however, in the Chemical Formula 1, it is preferable that x be an integer ranging from 10 to 200, and y be an integer ranging from 50 to 100. In addition, it is more preferable that the x be an integer of 10 to 100, and the y be an integer of 50 to 100. If the value of the x is less than 10 and greater than 200, the control of the molecular weight of the final block copolymer is not only difficult, but the formation of micelles using the block copolymer is not simple. In addition, if the value of the y is less than 10, it is difficult to form block copolymer micelles at a specific pH, and even if the micelles are formed, they tend to be dissolved in water and collapsed. When the value of the y is greater than 200, the block copolymer may be precipitated without forming micelles at a specific pH since hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity balance is broken.

In the Chemical Formula 1 of the present disclosure, R₁ is preferably methyl. In addition, in the Chemical Formula 1 of the present disclosure, R₃ and R₄ are preferably isopropyl or n-butyl. Also, in the Chemical Formula 1 of the present disclosure, n of

is preferably 2. In addition, in the Chemical Formula 1 of the present disclosure, n of

are preferably 2 or 5, and all m_(i)s thereof are preferably 2.

In the pH-sensitive micelles of the present disclosure, stable micelles are formed at a specific pH, for example, in the range of pH 7.2 to 7.8, which is the pH range of normal cells in the body, and the micelle structure is collapsed in the range of pH 6.5 to 7.0, which is the pH range in which abnormal cells such as cancer cells are present. Therefore, the micelles can be used as a carrier for target-oriented drug release, which can either diagnose targeting the cancer cells by releasing the diagnostic agent included inside the micelles or treat the cancer cells by releasing the therapeutic agent included inside the micelles. In other words, micelles cannot be formed at a low pH (pH 7.0 or lower) since the whole block copolymer becomes soluble due to the increase of ionization of the tertiary amine present in the polyglutamic acid-based compound including the tertiary amine group, and in the range of pH 7.2 to 7.8, micelles due to self-assembly are formed since hydrophobicity is shown due to the decrease of ionization of the tertiary amine

The block copolymer of the present disclosure can be used in the field of gene transfer and drug delivery, and can also be applied to the use in which diagnosis and treatment are performed simultaneously by delivering the substances for disease diagnosis and treatment to the abnormal cells.

In addition, in the present disclosure, target-oriented micelles targeting cancer cells are designed and applied in which micelles are formed in the range of pH 7.2 to 7.8, the same condition as that of normal body, and micelles are collapsed at pH 7 or lower, an abnormal condition such as the presence of cancer cells. However, by appropriately changing the constituents of the block copolymer, the molar ratio thereof, molecular weight and/or functional groups within the block, target-oriented micelles targeting gene mutation or other application fields besides cancer cells can be designed and applied.

As one of the constituents of the block copolymer that forms pH-sensitive micelles according to the present disclosure, common biodegradable compounds having hydrophilicity known in the related art, for example, polyethylene glycol-based compounds, may be used. In particular, the polyethylene glycol-based compound preferably has a monofunctional group such as an amine group at the end so as to react with a polyglutamic acid-based compound, and one example includes a compound of the following Chemical Formula 3 in which the end of the molecule is substituted with NH₂.

In the formula, x is an integer of 10 to 200, and

R₁ is hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl.

A method for preparing the pH-sensitive block copolymer according to the present disclosure includes the step of preparing a compound of the following Chemical Formula 2 by reacting glutamic acid, benzyl ester and triphosgene (Step 1); the step of preparing a compound of the following Chemical Formula 4 by copolymerizing the compound of the following Chemical Formula 2 with a compound of the following Chemical Formula 3 (Step 2); and the step of reacting the compound of the following Chemical Formula 4 with a compound of the following Chemical Formula 5 or a compound of the following Chemical Formula 6 (Step 3).

Each step of the preparation method will be described using one example. In the Step 1, in which the compound of the Chemical Formula 2 is prepared by reacting glutamic acid, benzyl ester and triphosgene, glutamic acid, benzyl ester and triphosgene are reacted first in the presence of an anhydrous tetrahydrofuran solvent, and it is preferable that the reaction be carried out under nitrogen atmosphere at 50° C. After the reaction has completed, the solution is introduced to hexane, recrystallized using 1:1 hexane/ethyl acetate as a recrystallization solvent, and the compound of the Chemical Formula 2 can be obtained.

In the Step 2, in which the compound of the Chemical Formula 4 (PEG-b-PBLG) is prepared by copolymerizing the compound of the Chemical Formula 2 with the compound of the Chemical Formula 3, the compound of the Chemical Formula 3 and benzyl-L-glutamic acid-N-carboxy anhydride (BLG-NCA) of the Chemical Formula 2 prepared in the Step 1 are reacted first by being dissolved in anhydrous chloroform in various molar ratios. Preferably, the compound of the Chemical Formula 2 (BLG-NCA) and the compound of the Chemical Formula 3 (PEG-NH2) are copolymerized in a molar ratio ranging from 10 to 1 to 50 to 1. It is preferable that the above reaction be carried out under nitrogen atmosphere for 72 hours at room temperature. After the reaction has completed, a copolymer of a polyglutamic acid-based compound block and a polyethylene glycol-based block, which has a molecular weight of Mn=10,000 to 20,000, is formed.

In the step of reacting the compound of the Chemical Formula 4 with the compound of the Chemical Formula 5, part of y number of

of the Chemical Formula 4 are converted to

by controlling the time of reacting the compound of the Chemical Formula 4 with the tertiary amine in which the end of one alkyl group of the Chemical Formula 5 is substituted with NH₂.

In addition, in the step of reacting the compound of the Chemical Formula 4 with the compound of the Chemical Formula 6, part of y number of

of the Chemical Formula 4 are converted to

by controlling the time of reacting the compound of the Chemical Formula 4 with the n-amine of the Chemical Formula 6.

In this case, the compound of the Chemical Formula 4 prepared in the Step 2 is dissolved in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide, and is reacted with the compound of the Chemical Formula 5 or the compound of the Chemical Formula 6. It is preferable that the reaction be carried out in an oil bath at 55° C. In addition, it is preferable that the reaction be carried out adding 2-hydroxypyridine (2-HP).

Furthermore, the reaction time in the Step 3 is preferably 36 hours to 72 hours. By controlling the reaction time to be 36 hours to 72 hours, 80% or more of y number of

can be converted to

In other words, an amine group is introduced depending on the reaction time of the aminolysis reaction by converting

therefore, the conversion ratio increases as the reaction time increases. According to one example of the present disclosure, if the reaction time is less than 36 hours, the conversion ratio is less than 80%, and the copolymer is not completely soluble in an aqueous solution and does not have pH-sensitivity.

In the present disclosure, ¹H-NMR is used to measure the molecular weight of the block copolymer synthesized as above, and fluorescence spectrometer (FL) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) are used to measure the changes in the micelle concentration depending on the changes in pH and the changes in micelle sizes, and the applicability as pH-sensitive micelles was able to be verified through the analyses described above.

In a polymer micelle-type drug composition of the present disclosure, which includes (a) the block copolymer; and (b) a molecular imaging marker for disease diagnosis, a contrast medium, or a therapeutic material for disease treatment, which can be included inside the block copolymer, micelles are formed when the polymer micelle-type drug composition is injected into the body, and the micelles are collapsed when the polymer micelle-type drug composition reached to a region having topically low pH such as cancer cells, and as a result, target-oriented drug delivery can be performed through the release of the molecular imaging marker for disease diagnosis, the contrast medium, or the therapeutic material for disease treatment, which are included inside.

The molecular imaging marker, the contrast medium and the therapeutic material that can be included in the polymer micelle-type block copolymer of the present disclosure can be used without particular limitation Unlimited examples thereof include pyrene, RITC, FITC, ICG (Indocyanine Green), iron oxide, manganese oxide, or the like, as the molecular imaging marker, and anticancer drugs, antimicrobial agents, steroids, anti-inflammatory analgestic drugs, sex hormone drugs, immunosuppressive drugs, antiviral agents, anesthetic drugs, antiemetic drugs, antihistamines, or the like, as the therapeutic drug. In addition, typical additives known in the related art such as diluting agents, stabilizers, pH control agents, antioxidants, preserved agents, binding agents, disintegrating agents, or the like, may be included in addition to the ingredients described above.

As the method for preparing the polymer micelles according to the present disclosure, methods such as stirring, heating, ultrasonic scan, a solvent evaporation method using an emulsification method, matrix formation, a dialysis method using an organic solvent can be used either alone or in combination.

The diameter of the prepared polymer micelles is not particularly limited, however, the range of 10 to 200 nm is preferable. In addition, the polymer micelle drug composition can be used as a pharmaceutical preparation in the form of oral agents or non-oral agents, and may be prepared as intravenous injections, intramuscular injections or hypodermic injections.

Advantageous Effects

The block copolymer according to the present disclosure has advantages in that a degradation rate is controlled since the block copolymer not only has pH sensitivity but has biodegradability due to peptidase in the body. In addition, the block copolymer has bioaffinity since the occurrence of degradation products having a carboxylic acid group (—COOH) at the end due to the chain degradation by hydrolysis can be prevented. Furthermore, the block copolymer can be changed variously by varying the amine compound used in the block copolymer preparation. Therefore, the block copolymer according to the present disclosure is effective in that the block copolymer can be used as a target-oriented drug delivery agent depending on the pH changes in the body, and as a drug delivery agent having bioaffinity, which can control the rate of degradation.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows an NMR of benzyl-L-glutamic acid-N-carboxy anhydride (BLG-NCA) prepared in Preparation Example 1.

FIG. 2 shows an NMR of poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(benzyl-L-glutamic acid) (PEG-b-PBLG) prepared in Preparation Example 2.

FIG. 3 shows an NMR of poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(2-(dibutylamino)ethyl-L-glutamic acid) (PEG-b-PN4LG) prepared in Example 4.

FIG. 4 is a graph that shows the ratio of the benzyl group of poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(benzyl-L-glutamic acid) (PEG-b-PBLG) described in the above Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 being converted to a (dibutylamino)ethylamine group as the reaction time progresses.

FIG. 5 is a graph that shows a pKb value determined by titrimetry using a NaOH aqueous solution of a polypeptide based block copolymer.

FIG. 6 shows the changes in the sizes of micelles and the changes in the intensity of dynamic light scattering (DLS) due to the pH changes of poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(2-(dibutylamino)-ethyl-L-glutamic acid) (PEG-b-PN4LG) prepared in Example 1 (36 h), Example 2 (48 h) and Example 4 (72 h).

FIG. 7 shows the result of fluorescence analysis (FL) of the micelles due to the pH changes of poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(2-(dibutylamino)-ethyl-L-glutamic acid) (PEG-b-PN4LG) prepared in Example 1 (36 h), Example 2 (48 h) and Example 4 (72 h), and the intensity of fluorescence analysis (FL) depending on the wavelength (nm) of poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(2-(dibutylamino)-ethyl-L-glutamic acid) (PEG-b-PN4LG) prepared in Example 2 (48 h).

FIG. 8 shows the measurement results of critical micelle concentration (CMC) of poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(2-(dibutylamino)-ethyl-L-glutamic acid) (PEG-b-PN4LG) prepared in Example 2 (48 h).

FIG. 9 shows the result of the gel retardation experiment.

FIG. 10 shows the result of GFP silencing.

FIG. 11 shows the result of MIT assay.

MODE FOR DISCLOSURE

Hereinafter, the present disclosure will be described in more detail with reference to examples. However, these examples are for illustrative purposes only and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to these examples.

Preparation Example 1 Preparation of Poly(Ethylene Glycol)-Block-Poly(Benzyl-L-Glutamic Acid) Copolymer

10 g of L-glutamic acid-benzyl ester and 6.255 g of triphosgene were mixed with 100 mL of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran. The reaction was carried out under nitrogen atmosphere at 50° C. After 2 hours and the reaction has completed, the above solution was introduced to hexane, and the mixture was recrystallized twice using 1:1 hexane/ethyl acetate as a recrystallization solvent, resulting in benzyl-L-glutamic acid-N-carboxy anhydride (BLG-NCA). The yield was 73%. The ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) measurement result of the BLG-NCA obtained above is shown in FIG. 1.

The benzyl-L-glutamic acid-N-carboxy anhydride (BLG-NCA) prepared above and polyethylene glycol of

were dissolved in anhydrous chloroform in a molar ratio of 20 to 1. The reaction was carried out under nitrogen atmosphere for 72 hours at room temperature. After the reaction has completed, poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(benzyl-L-glutamic acid) (PEG-b-PBLG), a copolymer of a polyglutamic acid block and a polyethylene glycol block, which has a molecular weight of Mn=11,570, was formed. The reactant that has not been reacted was precipitated using a mixture of excess ethanol/ethyl ether, and then filtered.

Preparation Example 2 Preparation of Poly(Ethylene Glycol)-Block-Poly(Benzyl-L-Glutamic Acid) Copolymer

The benzyl-L-glutamic acid-N-carboxy anhydride (BLG-NCA) prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 and polyethylene glycol of

was dissolved in anhydrous chloroform in a molar ratio of 30 to 1. The reaction was carried out under nitrogen atmosphere for 72 hours at room temperature. After the reaction has completed, poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(benzyl-L-glutamic acid) (PEG-b-PBLG), a copolymer of a polyglutamic acid block and a polyethylene glycol block, which has a molecular weight of Mn=13,541, was formed. The reactant that has not been reacted was precipitated using a mixture of excess ethanol/ethyl ether, and then filtered. The ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) measurement result of the copolymer obtained above is shown in FIG. 2.

Preparation Example 3 Preparation of Poly(Ethylene Glycol)-Block-Poly(Benzyl-L-Glutamic Acid) Copolymer

The benzyl-L-glutamic acid-N-carboxy anhydride (BLG-NCA) prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 and polyethylene glycol of

was dissolved in anhydrous chloroform in a molar ratio of 40 to 1. The reaction was carried out under nitrogen atmosphere for 72 hours at room temperature. After the reaction has completed, poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(benzyl-L-glutamic acid) (PEG-b-PBLG), a copolymer of a polyglutamic acid block and a polyethylene glycol block, which has a molecular weight of Mn=17,045, was formed. The reactant that has not been reacted was precipitated using a mixture of excess ethanol/ethyl ether, and then filtered.

Example 1 Preparation of Poly(Ethylene Glycol)-Block-Poly(2-(Dibutylamino)-Ethyl-L-Glutamic Acid Block Copolymer (PEG-b-PN4LG)

Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(benzyl-L-glutamic acid) (PEG-b-PBLG) (10 g) prepared in the above Preparation Example 2 was dissolved in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (10 mL/1 g). Then, the mixture was introduced in an oil bath, and the temperature was raised to 55° C. After that, 2-(dibutylamino)ethylamine (100 g) and 2-hydroxypyridine (13.82 g) were added. The reaction was carried out for 36 hours, and a final product, poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(2-(dibutylamino)ethyl-L-glutamic acid) (PEG-b-PN4LG) in which 80% of the benzyl group was converted to the dibutylamino group, was obtained after being precipitated using ether and then filtered. The final product was dried under vacuum condition for 48 hours. A block copolymer in which the number average molecular weight of the whole block copolymer was 12,823, was obtained, and the yield was 70% or more.

Example 2 Preparation of Poly(Ethylene Glycol)-Block-Poly(2-(Dibutylamino)-Ethyl-L-Glutamic Acid Block Copolymer (PEG-b-PN4LG)

A block copolymer in which the number average molecular weight of the whole block copolymer was 13,942 and the conversion ratio was 88% was obtained by the same reaction as in Example 1 except that the reaction time of 2-(dibutylamino)ethylamine and 2-hydroxypyridine addition was 48 hours. The yield of the final product was 70% or more.

Example 3 Preparation of Poly(Ethylene Glycol)-Block-Poly(2-(Dibutylamino)-Ethyl-L-Glutamic Acid Block Copolymer (PEG-b-PN4LG)

A block copolymer in which the number average molecular weight of the whole block copolymer was 12,340 and the conversion ratio was 93% was obtained by the same reaction as in Example 1 except that the reaction time of 2-(dibutylamino)ethylamine and 2-hydroxypyridine addition was 60 hours. The yield of the final product was 70% or more.

Example 4 Preparation of Poly(Ethylene Glycol)-Block-Poly(2-(Dibutylamino)-Ethyl-L-Glutamic Acid Block Copolymer (PEG-b-PN4LG)

A block copolymer in which the number average molecular weight of the whole block copolymer was 12,011 and the conversion ratio was 96% was obtained by the same reaction as in Example 1 except that the reaction time of 2-(dibutylamino)ethylamine and 2-hydroxypyridine addition was 72 hours. The yield of the final product was 70% or more. The ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) measurement result of the copolymer obtained above is shown in FIG. 3.

Example 5 Preparation of Poly(Ethylene Glycol)-Block-Poly(2-(Diisopropylamino)-Ethyl-L-Glutamic Acid Block Copolymer (PEG-b-PN3LG)

Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(benzyl-L-glutamic acid) (PEG-b-PBLG) (10 g) prepared in the above Preparation Example 2 was dissolved in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (10 mL/1 g). Then, the mixture was introduced in an oil bath, and the temperature was raised to 55° C. After that, 2-(diisopropylamino)ethylamine (80 g) and 2-hydroxypyridine (13.82 g) were added. The reaction was carried out for 72 hours, and a final product, poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl-L-glutamic acid) (PEG-b-PN3LG) in which 95% of the benzyl group was converted to the diisopropylamino group, was obtained after being precipitated using ether and then filtered. The final product was dried under vacuum condition for 48 hours. A block copolymer in which the number average molecular weight of the whole block copolymer was 12,959, was obtained, and the yield was 70% or more.

Example 6 Preparation of Poly(Ethylene Glycol)-Block-Poly[(2-Aminoethyl)-2-Aminoethyl]-L-Glutamic Acid Block Copolymer (PEG-b-PN2LG)

Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(benzyl-L-glutamic acid) (5k-PEG-b-PBLG) (10 g) prepared in the above Preparation Example 2 was dissolved in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (10 mL/1 g). Then, the mixture was introduced in an oil bath, and the temperature was raised to 55° C. After that, diethylenetriamine (60 g) and 2-hydroxypyridine (13.82 g) were added. The reaction was carried out for 72 hours, and a final product, poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly[(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl]-L-glutamic acid) (PEG-b-PN2LG) in which 95% of the benzyl group was converted to the (ethylamino)₂ group, was obtained after being precipitated using ether and then filtered. The final product was dried under vacuum condition for 48 hours. A block copolymer in which the number average molecular weight of the whole block copolymer was 14,000, was obtained, and the yield was 70% or more.

Example 7 Preparation of Poly(Ethylene Glycol)-Block-Poly[N—(N—(N—(N—(N-(2-Aminoethyl)-2-Aminoethyl)-2-Aminoethyl)-2-Aminoethyl)-2-Aminoethyl]-L-Glutamic Acid Block Copolymer (5k-PEG-b-PN5LG)

Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(benzyl-L-glutamic acid) (5k-PEG-b-PBLG) (5 g) prepared in the above Preparation Example 2 was dissolved in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (10 mL/1 g). Then, the mixture was introduced in an oil bath, and the temperature was raised to 55° C. After that, pentaethylenehexaamine (67 g) and 2-hydroxypyridine (6.91 g) were added. The reaction was carried out for 72 hours, and a final product, poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly[N—(N—(N—(N—(N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl]-L-glutamic acid block copolymer (5k-PEG-b-PN5LG) in which 95% of the benzyl group was converted to the (ethylamino)₅ group, was obtained after being precipitated using ether and then filtered. The final product was dried under vacuum condition for 48 hours. A block copolymer in which the number average molecular weight of the whole block copolymer was 18,700, was obtained, and the yield was 70% or more.

Example 8 Preparation of Poly(Ethylene Glycol)-Block-Poly[N—(N—(N—(N—(N-(2-Aminoethyl)-2-Aminoethyl)-2-Aminoethyl)-2-Aminoethyl)-2-Aminoethyl]-L-Glutamic Acid Block Copolymer (3.4k-PEG-b-PN5LG)

Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(benzyl-L-glutamic acid) (3.4k-PEG-b-PBLG) (5 g) prepared in the above Preparation Example 2 was dissolved in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (10 mL/1 g). Then, the mixture was introduced in an oil bath, and the temperature was raised to 55° C. After that, pentaethylenehexaamine (67 g) and 2-hydroxypyridine (6.91 g) were added. The reaction was carried out for 72 hours, and a final product, poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly[N—(N—(N—(N—(N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl]-L-glutamic acid block copolymer (3.4k-PEG-b-PN5LG) in which 95% of the benzyl group was converted to the (ethylamino)₅ group, was obtained after being precipitated using ether and then filtered. The final product was dried under vacuum condition for 48 hours. A block copolymer in which the number average molecular weight of the whole block copolymer was 17,000, was obtained, and the yield was 70% or more.

Example 9 Preparation of Poly(Ethylene Glycol)-Block-Poly[N—(N—(N—(N—(N-(2-Aminoethyl)-2-Aminoethyl)-2-Aminoethyl)-2-Aminoethyl)-2-Aminoethyl]-L-Glutamic Acid Block Copolymer (2k-PEG-b-PN5LG)

Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(benzyl-L-glutamic acid) (2k-PEG-b-PBLG) (5 g) prepared in the above Preparation Example 2 was dissolved in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (10 mL/1 g). Then, the mixture was introduced in an oil bath, and the temperature was raised to 55° C. After that, pentaethylenehexaamine (67 g) and 2-hydroxypyridine (6.91 g) were added. The reaction was carried out for 72 hours, and a final product, poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly[N—(N—(N—(N—(N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl]-L-glutamic acid block copolymer (2k-PEG-b-PN5LG) in which 95% of the benzyl group was converted to the (ethylamino)₅ group, was obtained after being precipitated using ether and then filtered. The final product was dried under vacuum condition for 48 hours. A block copolymer in which the number average molecular weight of the whole block copolymer was 15,700, was obtained, and the yield was 70% or more.

Comparative Example 1 Preparation of Poly(Ethylene Glycol)-Block-Poly(2-(Dibutylamino)-Ethyl-L-Glutamic Acid Block Copolymer (PEG-b-PN4LG)

A block copolymer in which the number average molecular weight of the whole block copolymer was 11,115 and the conversion ratio was 40% was obtained by the same reaction as in Example 1 except that the reaction time of 2-(dibutylamino)ethylamine and 2-hydroxypyridine addition was 12 hours. The yield of the final product was 70% or more.

Comparative Example 2 Preparation of Poly(Ethylene Glycol)-Block-Poly(2-(Dibutylamino)-Ethyl-L-Glutamic Acid Block Copolymer (PEG-b-PN4LG)

A block copolymer in which the number average molecular weight of the whole block copolymer was 11,216 and the conversion ratio was 63% was obtained by the same reaction as in Example 1 except that the reaction time of 2-(dibutylamino)ethylamine and 2-hydroxypyridine addition was 24 hours. The yield of the final product was 70% or more.

Test Example 1 Evaluation of Conversion Ratio by Reaction Time

The poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(2-(dibutylamino)-ethyl-L-glutamic acid) copolymer (PEG-b-PNLG) prepared in Examples 1 to 6 was sampled by the reaction time, and the conversion ratio was evaluated using ¹H-NMR (FIG. 4). In other words, the conversion ratio was evaluated using ¹H-NMR by measuring the increase of a specific peak area of PNLG having a tertiary amine group. As shown in the following Table 1, it was identified that the ratio of conversion to the tertiary amine group increased as the reaction time increased.

TABLE 1 Conversion Polymer Type Reaction Time Ratio Preparation PEG-b-PBLG 72 h — Example 1 Preparation PEG-b-PBLG 72 h — Example 2 Preparation PEG-b-PBLG 72 h — Example 3 Comparative PEG-b-PN4LG 12 h 40% Example 1 Comparative PEG-b-PN4LG 24 h 63% Example 2 Example 1 PEG-b-PN4LG 36 h 80% Example 2 PEG-b-PN4LG 48 h 88% Example 3 PEG-b-PN4LG 60 h 93% Example 4 PEG-b-PN4LG 72 h 96% Example 5 PEG-b-PN3LG 72 h 95% Example 6 PEG-b-PN2LG 72 h 95%

Test Example 2 Measurement of Changes in Micelles Due to Changes in pH Test Example 2-1 Measurement of pKb Value of pH-Sensitive Copolymer

A pKb value was measured by titrimetry using a NaOH aqueous solution utilizing the block copolymer (PEG-b-PNLG) prepared in the Examples 1 to 5, which has different molecular weights depending on the reaction time (FIG. 5). As shown in FIG. 5, it was verified that the more the reaction time increased, that is, the more the PNLG having a tertiary amine group was produced, the acid-based inflection point was changed rapidly, and the pKb value more or less increased. The measured pKb value is shown in the following Table 3.

Test Example 2-2 Measurement of Changes in Micelle Sizes and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) Intensities Due to pH Changes of pH-Sensitive Copolymer

The changes in micelle sizes and intensities of poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(2-(dibutylamino)-ethyl-L-glutamic acid) (PEG-b-PN4LG) prepared in Examples 1 to 6 were measured at pH 7.8, pH 7.4, pH 7.2, pH 7.0, pH 6.8 and pH 6.6 using a dynamic light scattering method (DLS) (FIG. 6).

As the result of the test, it was seen that micelles having certain sizes are present at pH 7.0 or higher, however, it was identified that, at a pH of lower than 7.0, PN4LG was completely ionized and micelles were not formed at all.

As a result, it was verified that the block copolymer of the present disclosure, which was formed by the copolymerization of hydrophobic PN4LG and a hydrophilic PEG compound, can form or collapse polymer micelles through a reversible self-assembly phenomenon due to pH changes and the amphiphilicity present within the copolymer.

In addition, it was identified that the copolymers prepared in Preparation Examples 1 to 3 and the copolymers of which reaction time was adjusted to 12 hours to 24 hours were insoluble or not completely soluble in an aqueous solution (Table 2).

TABLE 2 Solubility in Polymer Type Reaction Time Aqueous Solution Preparation PEG-b-PBLG 72 h Insoluble Example 1 Preparation PEG-b-PBLG 72 h Insoluble Example 2 Preparation PEG-b-PBLG 72 h Insoluble Example 3 Comparative PEG-b-PN4LG 12h Insoluble Example 1 Comparative PEG-b-PN4LG 24 h Not Completely Example 2 Soluble Example 1 PEG-b-PN4LG 36 h pH dependent Example 2 PEG-b-PN4LG 48 h pH dependent Example 3 PEG-b-PN4LG 60 h pH dependent Example 4 PEG-b-PN4LG 72 h pH dependent Example 5 PEG-b-PN3LG 72 h pH dependent Example 6 PEG-b-PN2LG 72 h pH dependent

Test Example 2-3 Measurement of Changes in Fluorescence Analysis (FL) of pH-Sensitive Copolymer

The changes in the fluorescence analysis (FL) of the micelles due to the pH changes of poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(2-(dibutylamino)-ethyl-L-glutamic acid) (PEG-b-PN2LG) prepared in Example 1, Example 2 and Example 4 were measured (FIG. 7). Pyrene, a hydrophobic light emitting material, was used since the behavioral changes of the micelles cannot be directly determined using a fluorescence spectrometer.

A buffer solution of pH 6 containing 10⁻⁶M of pyrene was prepared, and the pH of the solution was raised to pH 8.0 after each copolymer prepared in Examples 1 to 6 was dissolved to have the concentration of 1 mg/ml. After that, 5M hydrochloric solution was added dropwise so that the pH was changed to the range of 5.5 to 8.0, and the changes in the emitted energy due to the concentration changes of the micelles were measured using a fluorescence spectrometer.

Test Example 2-4 Measurement of Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC) of pH-Sensitive Copolymer

The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(2-(dibutylamino)-ethyl-L-glutamic acid) (PEG-b-PN4LG) prepared in Examples 1 to 4 was measured at pH 6.8, 6.9, 7.0 and 7.1 (FIG. 8).

As the result of the test, in the block copolymer of the present disclosure, it was verified that stable micelles were formed at pH 7.4, and no micelles were formed at pH 7.0 (FIG. 8). This means that the copolymer cannot form micelles at a low pH (pH 7.0 or lower) since the whole PNLG becomes soluble due to the increase of ionization of the tertiary amine present in PNLG, and at pH 7.4, micelles due to self-assembly are formed since hydrophobicity is shown due to the decrease of ionization of PNLG. The measured critical micelle concentration values are shown in the following Table 3.

Test Example 2-5 Size Measurement of pH-Sensitive Copolymer

The size of poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(2-(dibutylamino)-ethyl-L-glutamic acid) (PEG-b-PNLG) prepared in Examples 1 to 4 was measured at pH 7.4 using a dynamic light scattering (DLS) method. The measured diameter values of the micelles are shown in the following Table 3.

TABLE 3 CMC Size Polymer Type Mn pKb (mg/mL) (pH 7.4) Preparation PEG-b-PBLG 11,570 — — — Example 1 Preparation PEG-b-PBLG 13,541 — — — Example 2 Preparation PEG-b-PBLG 17,045 — — — Example 3 Comparative PEG-b-PN4LG 11,115 — — — Example 1 Comparative PEG-b-PN4LG 11,216 — — — Example 2 Example 1 PEG-b-PN4LG 12,823 6.32 0.020 46.0 nm Example 2 PEG-b-PN4LG 13,942 6.55 0.019 45.2 nm Example 3 PEG-b-PN4LG 12,340 6.65 0.019 42.0 nm Example 4 PEG-b-PN4LG 12,011 6.69 0.017 40.0 nm Example 5 PEG-b-PN3LG 12,959 8.30 — — Example 6 PEG-b-PN2LG 14,000

Test Example 3 Evaluation of Gel Retardation

To confirm the initial ratio of complex formation between cationic polymers prepared according to the present invention and anionic genetic materials, the following analysis was performed.

With variation of each mass ratio of the prepared polymer and siRNA, a complex was formed, and subsequently the formation of the complex was confirmed via electrophoresis using 1 wt % agarose gel as a matrix. As a result, it was confirmed that, when the polymer/siRNA ratio was 1, the complex was not properly formed due to siRNA separation, whereas when the ratio was 3 or higher, the complex was properly formed (FIG. 9).

Test Example 4 Evaluation of GFP Silencing

To confirm transfer efficiency of the mPEG-b-PNLG/siRNA complex formed, the following GFP silencing was performed.

One hundred thousand cells were cultured in each well of a 12-well plate and were then treated with the complex prepared by the same manner in Test Example 3. After 24 hours of treatment, cells in each well were scraped together using a lysis buffer solution, and a protein analysis was performed. The type of cells used in the experiment is A549, which expresses Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), and the siRNA used therein is one that inhibits GFP expression. Accordingly, as a smaller amount of expressed GFP was used, a larger amount of siRNA was transferred inside the cells.

As for the results of GFP silencing, it was confirmed that as the mass ratio of polymer/siRNA increased, the level of GFP expression ratio significantly decreased throughout the experiment. Further, when the results were compared with bPEI 25k, which is commonly used for the transfer of siRNA into the cells, it was confirmed that all polymers exhibited a significantly lower GFP expression ratio once the mass ratio of polymer/siRNA reached 10 or higher. Such an observation implies that all polymers prepared exhibit superior efficiency compared to bPEI (FIG. 10).

Test Example 5 MTT Assay

To confirm the toxicity of the cationic polymers prepared according to the present invention, the following experiment was performed.

Ten thousand cells were cultured for 24 hours in each well of a 96-well plate and were then treated with polymer/microRNA complex with varying ratios. After 24 hours of treatment, the cells were treated with an MIT solution to confirm the number of living cells. Herein, as more cells survived, yellow MIT tetrazolium was reduced to purple MIT formazan, and thus it was possible to determine the extent of cell survival.

As a result, it was confirmed that, as the polymer/microRNA complex ratio of PEG having a molecular weight of 2k increased, the ratio of living cells was about 60%, indicating some toxicity. In contrast, in the case of PEG having molecular weights of 3.4k and 5k, the ratio of living cells was over 80%, indicating no toxicity, regardless of the complex ratio (FIG. 11). 

1. A peptide based block copolymer represented by the following Chemical Formula 1:

wherein, X is an integer of 10 to 200; Y is an integer of 50 to 100; R₁ is hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl; R₂s are each independently

wherein, 80% or more of y number of R₂s are the substituent C; and the i is an integer of 1 to n, the m_(i)s are each independently an integer of 1 to 6, and the n is an integer of 1 to
 6. 2. The block copolymer of claim 1, wherein 88% or more of y number of R₂s are the substituent C.
 3. The block copolymer of claim 1, wherein 93% or more of y number of R₂s are the substituent C.
 4. The block copolymer of claim 1, wherein 96% or more of y number of R₂s are the substituent C.
 5. The block copolymer of claim 1, wherein R₁ is methyl in the Chemical Formula
 1. 6. The block copolymer of claim 1, wherein n is 2 to 5 in the Chemical Formula
 1. 7. The block copolymer of claim 1, wherein all m_(i)s are 2 in the Chemical Formula
 1. 8. A polymer micelle-type drug composition comprising: (a) the block copolymer of claim 1; and (b) a molecular imaging marker, a contrast medium or a therapeutic material, which are included inside the block copolymer.
 9. The polymer micelle-type drug composition of claim 8, wherein 88% or more of y number of R₂s are the substituent C.
 10. The polymer micelle-type drug composition of claim 8, wherein 93% or more of y number of R₂s are the substituent C.
 11. The polymer micelle-type drug composition of claim 8, wherein 96% or more of y number of R₂s are the substituent C.
 12. The polymer micelle-type drug composition of claim 8, wherein R₁ is methyl in the Chemical Formula
 1. 13. The polymer micelle-type drug composition of claim 8, wherein n is 2 to 5 in the Chemical Formula
 1. 14. The polymer micelle-type drug composition of claim 8, wherein all m_(i)s are 2 in the Chemical Formula
 1. 15. A method for preparing the block copolymer of claim 1 comprising the steps of: preparing a compound of the following Chemical Formula 2 by reacting glutamic acid, benzyl ester and triphosgene (Step 1); preparing a compound of the following Chemical Formula 4 by copolymerizing the compound of the following Chemical Formula 2 with a compound of the following Chemical Formula 3 (Step 2); and reacting the compound of the following Chemical Formula 4 with a compound of the following Chemical Formula 5 or a compound of the following Chemical Formula 6 (Step 3).

wherein the formulae, x, y, R₁, m_(i)s and n are the same as those defined in claim
 1. 16. The method for preparing the block copolymer of claim 15, wherein the reaction time ranges from 36 hours to 72 hours in the Step
 3. 